Parashat Tetzaveh (Exodus 27:20–30:10) focuses on the instructions for keeping the Tabernacle's menorah burning, the detailed design of priestly garments, the consecration of Aaron and his sons as Kohanims, and the construction of the Altar of Incense.

The Command to Keep the Menorah Burning (Exodus 27:20–21): The parashah begins with G-d’s command to keep the menorah burning continuously before the inner curtain that covers the Ark of the Covenant. The Israelites are instructed to use only pure olive oil to light the menorah, ensuring it is kindled every evening and remains burning until morning. This perpetual light symbolizes G-d’s constant presence and guidance for Israel.

Priestly Garments (Exodus 28:1–43): Detailed instructions are given for the sacred garments that Aaron, as the Kohen HaGadol, and his sons are to wear while ministering before the L-rd. These garments are described as “sacred, glorious, and beautiful,” reflecting their holy purpose:

• The Tunic, Turban, and Sash: Each Kohanim is to wear a linen tunic, a turban, and a sash. These garments provide both modesty and dignity for their service.

• The Ephod: The Kohen HaGadol’s ephod is intricately woven with gold, blue, purple, and scarlet threads. It includes two onyx stones engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel—six on each stone. These stones, mounted on the shoulders, remind Aaron of his role in carrying the tribes before the L-rd.

• The Breastplate of Judgment: Aaron is also to wear a breastplate with four rows of three gemstones, each stone engraved with the name of a tribe. The breastplate is worn over Aaron’s heart when he enters the Holy Place, symbolizing his role in bringing the needs of the people before G-d. Additionally, it houses the Urim and Thummim, sacred items used to discern G-d’s will.

• The Robe and the Golden Plate (Exodus 28:31–35): The Kohen HaGadol’s robe is a unique blue garment with golden bells and embroidered pomegranates on its hem. The bells would sound as the Kohen HaGadol moved, announcing his presence in the Holy Place. Additionally, a golden plate engraved with “Holy to the L-rd” is worn on the turban, symbolizing dedication to G-d’s service.

The Ordination Ceremony (Exodus 29:1–37): Instructions are given for a seven-day consecration ceremony to inaugurate Aaron and his sons into the Kohanim. This process includes washing, dressing in sacred garments, and offering sacrifices, symbolizing their purification and dedication to serve in the Tabernacle. Anointing oil is used to consecrate both the Kohanim and the altar, setting them apart for sacred use.

The Daily Offerings (Exodus 29:38–46): G-d prescribes daily sacrifices, to be offered morning and evening, as a sign of His continual relationship with Israel. Through these offerings, G-d promises, “I will dwell among the Israelites and be their G-d” (Exodus 29:45), reaffirming His desire to remain near His people.

The Altar of Incense (Exodus 30:1–10): Finally, the instructions for the Altar of Incense are provided. This altar, placed just outside the Holy of Holies, is to be used exclusively for burning fragrant incense each morning and evening. The incense, symbolic of the prayers of Israel rising before G-d, is burned by Aaron each time he tends the menorah.

Themes and Significance to Consider:

Holiness and Dedication: Every detail of the Kohanim garments, from the ephod to the breastplate, underscores the holiness required to serve in G-d’s presence. Each element serves to remind the Kohanim and the people of the sacredness of their relationship with G-d.

Intercession and Representation: Aaron’s role as Kohen HaGadol and the presence of Israel’s names on his garments represent his role as an intercessor for the people, bearing their needs before the L-rd.

Perpetual Worship: The command to keep the menorah burning, along with the daily sacrifices and incense, symbolizes the importance of constant devotion and acknowledgment of G-d’s presence.

Parashat Tetzaveh highlights the preparation and sanctity required for those who serve in G-d’s presence. Through the ongoing light, incense, and sacrifices, G-d emphasizes His commitment to dwell among His people, and the Israelites are reminded to uphold a constant dedication to holiness. This portion illustrates that every act in the Tabernacle, from lighting the menorah to wearing the sacred garments, is designed to honor G-d and create a space for divine connection.